Timnit Gebru

USA

Place of Birth: Ethiopia

Date of Birth: 1983

Education: PhD in Electrical Engineering, Stanford University

X: @timnitGebru

DAIR

Headquarters: California, US

Founded in: December 2, 2021

Website: dair-institute.org

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Awarded

2026

Timnit Gebru

“For challenging concentrated power in artificial intelligence and pioneering digital technology rooted in justice, lived experience and human agency.”

Timnit Gebru is a US artificial intelligence researcher and founder of the Distributed Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (DAIR), whose work challenges the concentration of power in the technology sector and exposes the harms AI systems are already causing in people’s everyday lives, particularly among communities facing discrimination and exclusion. Her research has helped reshape international debates about how and for what purposes AI is developed and governed.

Born in Ethiopia to a family of Eritrean origin, Gebru left the country at 15 during the Ethiopian-Eritrean war and later sought asylum in the United States. Experiences of discrimination throughout her life shaped her understanding that science and technology are not neutral and can reproduce existing inequalities. She co-founded Black in AI to build community and increase the presence of Black people in the field. After a dispute over a pioneering academic paper warning about the risks posed by large language models, she was fired from Google, where she was co-leading the Ethics AI team.

Through DAIR, Gebru now combines exposing technological bias with building alternatives. Its distributed model brings together researchers and collaborators across countries and continents, defying the centralised and corporate-driven concepts that mainstream AI entail. Through community-rooted research, Gebru is broadening who gets to shape technology and the purposes and values that guide its future.

Let’s not talk about machines like they have their own life or agency. Let’s talk about who are creating them and what their responsibilities are.

Timnit Gebru

Biography

While AI leaders present artificial intelligence as a neutral and inevitable force, Timnit Gebru makes visible what this narrative obscures: technology can reproduce and deepen existing domination, exploitation and exclusion, while imposing growing costs on people and the planet. Her work cultivates agency, resistance and imagination to build alternatives — and a technological future shaped by human needs, creativity and justice.

Looking for a safe space

Growing up in Ethiopia within a family of engineers, Timnit Gebru found early refuge in the certainty of numbers and physics. With her father as an electrical engineer and her older sisters following the same path, science offered a stable sanctuary from the world’s disorder.

At age 15, the Ethiopian-Eritrean war forced her into exile, leading her through Ireland before she eventually sought asylum in the United States. A painful paradox marked this period of statelessness: being granted entry while simultaneously being made to feel unwanted.

Her understanding of and reliance on science evolved significantly over time. Initially facing attempts to discourage or exclude her from scientific institutions, she later uncovered the deep-seated biases embedded within technology itself. This journey culminated in her raising the alarm against a powerful minority introducing eugenic principles into the tech sector. She set out to address that imbalance and build better alternatives with communities.

Science reproducing exclusion

As artificial intelligence expanded rapidly in the mid-2010s, she began seeing disturbing racial biases: Google Photos labelled Black individuals as gorillas, while research showed that facial-detection systems performed poorly on Black faces. Meanwhile, Gebru would attend supposedly international AI conferences and see almost no other Black people.

Exclusion, she realised, was not only happening around technology. It became embedded within it, carrying the histories, assumptions and hegemonic values of the institutions that produced it.

“I was kind of trying to escape from the world in the science, and I realised that the science itself is actually the world I was trying to escape from,” Gebru said.

In 2017, Gebru co-founded Black in AI, creating a community for Black people working in the field and helping increase their presence and influence. The organisation later helped bring a major international AI conference to Africa for the first time, in Rwanda in 2023.

Knowledge rooted in experience

Gebru also began questioning a technology sector increasingly captivated by artificial general intelligence (AGI) and visions of machines that would surpass humanity. In her research, she traced the underlying transhumanist ideas to the history of eugenics. She questioned who these tech-utopias are developed by and who they are developed for, and drew attention to people already being harmed.

Her research warned about biased datasets, environmental costs and other risks associated with increasingly large language models. In 2020, while serving as co-lead of Google’s Ethical AI team, she co-authored a pioneering paper on these risks. The company asked her to retract it or remove her name. She was fired after refusing to do so without certain guarantees.

Some months later, Gebru founded DAIR as a distributed research institute. Today, it has more than 20 staff across 10 countries, including technologists, journalists and organisers, as well as people whose expertise comes directly from the harms being investigated.

Embracing human limits

This community-rooted approach rejects the model in which external experts observe people, extract their data and define problems from outside. Instead, those directly affected help determine what should be investigated and how. It also challenges the idea that expertise must be concentrated in a few celebrated individuals.

“There’s a limit to what I, as a human being, can do, and that’s fine, because there are many of us,” Gebru said.

Through the Data Workers’ Inquiry, workers who train and moderate AI systems investigate their own labour conditions. At the same time, Surveillance Watch maps surveillance technologies and the governments, corporations and investors behind them. Both projects make visible a central argument in DAIR’s work: AI does not advance autonomously. Behind apparently intelligent machines are human choices about labour, resources, data, ownership and power.

Rather than distant fears about superintelligent machines, Gebru asks more immediate questions: Who builds these systems? Who pays for them? Where does the data come from? Who does the work? Who benefits and who bears the costs? If fair answers to these concrete questions are given here and now, speculative future risks will not arise.

When science meets responsibility

This approach also shaped Gebru’s response to the war in Tigray, northern Ethiopia, where mass killing, sexual violence, displacement and hunger devastated civilian communities from 2020. She used her platforms to publicly speak about genocide, while DAIR supported research led by survivors and journalists into social media’s role in the violence.

The research contributed evidence to litigation accusing the giant technology company Meta of failing to adequately moderate hate speech and amplifying content that incited ethnic violence in Ethiopia.

Exposing harm, however, is only one pillar of Gebru’s work. The other is cultivating the imagination needed to envision a different technological future.

Reclaiming the future

She challenges the power of technology companies and what she calls “tech bros” to present their preferred future as inevitable. The AI Resist List documents how communities, workers and technologists are already resisting harmful technologies and creating alternatives.

Through the project Possible Futures, DAIR brings artists and creative work into conversations about technology, inviting people to imagine not only what they want to prevent but what kind of future they want instead.

“I feel that our imagination has been colonised, it’s up to us to have a different path,” she said.

Her forthcoming book, Deep Unlearning, due in 2027, explores the assumptions that have shaped her own relationship with science and technology.

For Gebru, the technological future is not something humanity must wait to discover. It is something people have the capacity — and the desire — to make together.